> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://justin-se.gitbook.io/justin-se-docs/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://justin-se.gitbook.io/justin-se-docs/front-end-development/user-experiance-design/user-research.md).

# User Research

## **1. Collect User Information**

We could interview user from these aspect :

* what is their pain point ?
* did user experience with similar products? if do :
  * how would they rate it ?
  * what can be improve ?
  * did it change what user doing after using it?
* **How to do a useful detailed Interview**
  * **Plan the interview**

    these is key point of effective interviews to get info about user needs, problems, and experiences :

    * Research goals
    * Participant characteristics
      * Age
      * Gender
      * Job & Industry
      * Location
    * Interview Questions
      * prepare consistent questions.
      * take notes, build interview report & user persona.
      * record the interview if participant agree.
      * ask open ended question, why & what, let user talk from their perspective, instead of let them answer yes or no.
      * know user’s Pain Points
      * ask follow up question
  * **Recruiting Participant**

    Before recruiting for interview, we need filter what kind of ppl we want to interview, it will help us keep on track on our research goals.

    **Participant Recruit could come from:**

    * Personal network, like friend & family
    * Existing user base
    * Online, search the TA‘s group on social media etc
    * Third-party recruiting agencies
  * **Pain Points**

    we can categorise the cause by :

    * **Financial**, or money-related pain points.
    * **Product**, which are pain points related to quality issues.
    * **Process**, which are pain points related to the user’s journey.
    * **Support**, which are pain points related to getting help from customer service.

## **2. Build User Persona**

Personas are a characters represent groups of similar users. they will have similiar pain point or characteristic.

* **How to Build User Persona**

  summarize user by their needs and pain point.

  example:

  ![UserPersona.png](https://2508767388-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FjRookNjwubMJWQgqxL6Q%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-fa5debc57c4be02fbd5be80c87c517f0d9a3340c%2FUserPersona.png?alt=media)

  [60 must-see user persona templates](https://www.justinmind.com/blog/user-persona-templates/)<br>

## 3. Consider Accessibility

user might have permanently, temporarily, or situationally disable,&#x20;

example in situation user have only one hand , it could be born with one arm, temporary injured, or they just holding a beer.

then we need to consider about implement "Assistive technologies" (AT).

### **Assistive Technology (辅助技术, AT)**

AT for accessibility, it is not for who disabled, it benefits everyone.

**Common Assistive Technology :**

* **Color Modify**
  * dark mode, it protect your shitty eye in dark place
  * high contrast mode, help ppl have low vision see easier
  * color blind mode
* **Screen Reader**
  * let ppl multi tasking switch from watch to hear
  * for who don’t like to read
  * help vision disabled to read
* **Voice Control**
  * replace keyboard while it is not available, like battery died
  * potentially faster text input than typing.
* **Alt text**
  * help identify element in bad network or loading error.
* **Text Transcript / Subtitle**
  * could translated into foreign language to break language barrier
  * help audience to catch up heavy accent or talking fast

## 4. Consider Bias

to avoid bias while doing user research, make sure the user base is wide, from different region, language, age, religion, jobs etc.

use consistent method to survey & interview, take detail note for each session so you wont fall into first or last impression.

### **Type of Bias**

* **Ambiguity effect bias:** The tendency to choose options for which the probability of a certain outcome is known, while avoiding options for which the outcome is ambiguous or uncertain.
* **Clustering illusion bias:** The tendency to find false patterns and trends in random information when no such patterns exist.
* **Confirmation bias:** The tendency to interpret data in a way that supports your preexisting beliefs.
* **Cultural bias:** The tendency to interpret words or behaviors according to one’s own cultural norms, instead of considering the words and behaviors within the context of the participants’ own culture.
* **False-consensus bias:** The tendency to see your own opinions and behaviors as being common, while viewing other opinions and behaviors as being uncommon.
* **Framing bias:** The tendency to make decisions based on how the information is presented or "framed" instead of the information itself.
* **Fundamental attribution bias:** The tendency to attribute someone's behavior to their character or personality, while downplaying the influence of situational and environmental factors.
* **Hindsight bias:** The tendency to believe that past events were more easily predictable than they were.
* **Implicit bias:** This is a collection of attitudes and stereotypes we associate with people without our conscious knowledge.
* **Racial bias:** The tendency to believe that people of a specific racial group have distinctive characteristics and behaviors, generally leading to negative emotional reactions and discrimination.
* **Serial position bias:** The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle.
* **Social desirability bias:** The tendency to answer questions in a way that will make you look good to others.
* **Sunk-cost bias:** The tendency to continue a behavior if you've already invested time, effort, and money into it, even if the current costs outweigh the benefits.
* **Survivorship bias:** The tendency to focus on successful cases while overlooking the failed ones.
* **Transparency bias:** The tendency to overestimate how well other people understand your own internal thoughts and feelings, or to overestimate how well you understand other people's thoughts and feelings.